Roma Numismatics Ltd
Auction XIII 23 March 2017
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Lucania, Metapontion AR Stater. Circa 510 BC. Ear of barley with eight grains, META downwards to left, grasshopper to right; raised and braided dotted border around / Incuse ear of barley, dolphin upwards to left in linear relief. Noe 104; HN Italy 1472. 8.05g, 27mm, 12h.
Fleur De Coin. Extremely Rare. An issue of great fascination, and the finest known example of the type. Perfectly preserved, a magnificent paragon of the incuse coinage of Metapontion.
From the Louvière Collection, Belgium, privately purchased c.1970s.
The most desirable of all the incuse types of Metapontion, this remarkable and brief series comprising only four known obverse dies for the staters and one for a third stater marks the first usage of adjunct symbols on the coinage of Metapontion. A series of great fascination, the meaning of the grasshopper and the dolphin has been a subject of debate for many years. Noe advocated the symbols as representing the badges of the moneyers' houses, an argument not dissimilar to that which led the early archaic Athenian coins to be called 'wappenmünzen'. Lenormant's view that the insect has a propitiatory significance is rejected with the derisory rhetorical question 'there may have been a plague of locusts but could there have been a plague of dolphins?', while avoiding trying to explain its significance.
Babelon (Traité, 1395-1396) proposed a punning reference to the hero Alybas, father of Metabos and legendary founder of the city, however the Greek word he proposes to mean locust is incorrect and the argument founders, still failing to explain the dolphin. It is most logical to follow Lenormant and view the appearance of the grasshopper-locust on the coins as being a propitiatory emblem or commemorating the deliverance of the city from a plague of locusts through the intervention of Apollo. Indeed, the god is closely associated with afflictions (and the relief of), and had as one of his epithets 'Parnopios', from πάρνοψ, "locust" – the expeller of locusts. Given that the dolphin was both a form he had taken and one of his sacred animals, as well as being a punning allusion to him as Apollo Delphinios, it seems eminently reasonable to determine the link between the two symbols as being in reference to a plague of locusts whose abatement was attributed to the intervention of Apollo. That the grasshopper-locust symbol recurs several times more throughout the extensive coinage of Metapontion and at appreciable intervals is hardly suggestive of descendants of a particular family holding office, as Noe suggested, but rather more likely indicative of recurrent swarms threatening the principle source of the city's wealth and food.
Fleur De Coin. Extremely Rare. An issue of great fascination, and the finest known example of the type. Perfectly preserved, a magnificent paragon of the incuse coinage of Metapontion.
From the Louvière Collection, Belgium, privately purchased c.1970s.
The most desirable of all the incuse types of Metapontion, this remarkable and brief series comprising only four known obverse dies for the staters and one for a third stater marks the first usage of adjunct symbols on the coinage of Metapontion. A series of great fascination, the meaning of the grasshopper and the dolphin has been a subject of debate for many years. Noe advocated the symbols as representing the badges of the moneyers' houses, an argument not dissimilar to that which led the early archaic Athenian coins to be called 'wappenmünzen'. Lenormant's view that the insect has a propitiatory significance is rejected with the derisory rhetorical question 'there may have been a plague of locusts but could there have been a plague of dolphins?', while avoiding trying to explain its significance.
Babelon (Traité, 1395-1396) proposed a punning reference to the hero Alybas, father of Metabos and legendary founder of the city, however the Greek word he proposes to mean locust is incorrect and the argument founders, still failing to explain the dolphin. It is most logical to follow Lenormant and view the appearance of the grasshopper-locust on the coins as being a propitiatory emblem or commemorating the deliverance of the city from a plague of locusts through the intervention of Apollo. Indeed, the god is closely associated with afflictions (and the relief of), and had as one of his epithets 'Parnopios', from πάρνοψ, "locust" – the expeller of locusts. Given that the dolphin was both a form he had taken and one of his sacred animals, as well as being a punning allusion to him as Apollo Delphinios, it seems eminently reasonable to determine the link between the two symbols as being in reference to a plague of locusts whose abatement was attributed to the intervention of Apollo. That the grasshopper-locust symbol recurs several times more throughout the extensive coinage of Metapontion and at appreciable intervals is hardly suggestive of descendants of a particular family holding office, as Noe suggested, but rather more likely indicative of recurrent swarms threatening the principle source of the city's wealth and food.