Classical Numismatic Group, LLC
Triton XIX Sessions 1 & 2 5 January 2016
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TUDOR. temp. Elizabeth I. 1558-1603. AR Medal (51mm, 44.44 g, 12h). Protestants Supported in the United Provinces. By G. van Bijlaer. Dated 1587. (rosette) × DEO × OPT × MAX × LAVS × ET × HONOR × IN O–E × ÆVVM × QVOD × (to the best and greatest God be praise and honor forever, because...), Elizabeth enthroned facing, holding cross-tipped scepter and globus cruciger; to left, courtier (the Earl of Leicester?) standing right, holding the Queen's robes; five cherubs around, each holdin garms of one of the Provinces; 1587 in exergue / × QVEM × DEVS × CONFICIET × SPIRITV × ORIS × SVI × (Whom the Lord shall consume with the spirit of his mouth – 2 Thess. ii.8), bishops, priests, Pope, and other religious figures and objects falling from the sky; above, name of God in Hebrew within rayed clouds. MI 139/99; Eimer 53; van Loon I, p. 375. Near EF, toned.
Between 1568 and 1648, the Seventeen Provinces (mod. Benelux) revolted against Philip II of Spain, who had received the territories as part of the inheritance of his father, the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. Very quickly the revolt became an opportunity for outside interests, particularly England, to become involved as a way of indirectly attacking Spain. Following the Plakkaat van Verlatinghe, or formal declaration of independence from Philip in 1581, the northern provinces offered the crown to Elizabeth I. Preferring rather to continue with indirect aid, Elizabeth refused. However, the assassination of Willem van Oranje in 1584 compelled England to act in a more direct way. Under the terms of the Treaty of Nonesuch in 1585, Robert Dudley, First Earl of Leicester and Elizabeth's long-time favorite, was appointed Governor-General and sent with an English expeditionary force to support the Dutch in 1586. Dudley, however, publicly unpopular, proved to be a poor commander and within a year of his arrival returned to England, eventually to command the land troops preparing for an anticipated invasion of England by the Spanish.
Between 1568 and 1648, the Seventeen Provinces (mod. Benelux) revolted against Philip II of Spain, who had received the territories as part of the inheritance of his father, the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. Very quickly the revolt became an opportunity for outside interests, particularly England, to become involved as a way of indirectly attacking Spain. Following the Plakkaat van Verlatinghe, or formal declaration of independence from Philip in 1581, the northern provinces offered the crown to Elizabeth I. Preferring rather to continue with indirect aid, Elizabeth refused. However, the assassination of Willem van Oranje in 1584 compelled England to act in a more direct way. Under the terms of the Treaty of Nonesuch in 1585, Robert Dudley, First Earl of Leicester and Elizabeth's long-time favorite, was appointed Governor-General and sent with an English expeditionary force to support the Dutch in 1586. Dudley, however, publicly unpopular, proved to be a poor commander and within a year of his arrival returned to England, eventually to command the land troops preparing for an anticipated invasion of England by the Spanish.