Roma Numismatics Ltd
Auction XVIII 29 Sep 2019
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Commodus AV Aureus. Rome, AD 178. L•AVREL•COMMODVS AVG, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right / TR P III•IMP II•COS•P•P•, Castor standing left, holding horse by its bridle with right hand and spear in left. RIC (Aurelius) 648; C. 760; Calicó 2337b (same dies); BMCRE (Aurelius and Commodus) 774-5; Biaggi 1014 (same dies). 7.21g, 21mm, 6h.
Near Mint State.
Ex Numismatik Lanz München, Auction 109, 27 May 2002, lot 514;
Ex Leo Hamburger, Auction 96, 25 October 1932, lot 926 (noting that it was found in Egypt).
When this type was minted Commodus was only 16 or 17 years old, and yet the reverse legend declares him to have held tribunician power three times, been acclaimed imperator twice, consul once, and ironically, to be pater patriae - father of the state. That he was offered this honorific, accepted it and used it immediately upon his coinage is an indication of his disposition, for it was the custom of emperors to decline the honour if offered to them too early or while they were too young. Even Nero declined the title when it was offered to him in the first year of his reign, accepting it only later. It was also customary for the honoured to defer the usage of the title for a suitable length of time out of humility - Hadrian deferred its use for eleven years.
Only the previous year had Commodus been granted the rank of Augustus, thus formally sharing power with his father, being also consul in that year - the youngest in Roman history up until that time. The reverse displays Castor as the patron of the Equites and protector of the young emperor, and represents Commodus in his role as princeps iuventutis, a title of great honour even in the days of the republic that since the reign of Augustus had been conferred on those who were intended to succeed to the throne, and which Commodus had received in AD 175.
The unhealthy overindulgence of Commodus by his father Marcus Aurelius, which may have in part led to his megalomania in later life, was perhaps due to his being Aurelius' only surviving son. He was showered with honours beyond his years, including having been made Caesar at the age of five. Yet still at this time, never far from his father or his entourage of worthy tutors, Commodus did not publicly display any of the maniacal tendencies that would later come to characterise his reign.
Near Mint State.
Ex Numismatik Lanz München, Auction 109, 27 May 2002, lot 514;
Ex Leo Hamburger, Auction 96, 25 October 1932, lot 926 (noting that it was found in Egypt).
When this type was minted Commodus was only 16 or 17 years old, and yet the reverse legend declares him to have held tribunician power three times, been acclaimed imperator twice, consul once, and ironically, to be pater patriae - father of the state. That he was offered this honorific, accepted it and used it immediately upon his coinage is an indication of his disposition, for it was the custom of emperors to decline the honour if offered to them too early or while they were too young. Even Nero declined the title when it was offered to him in the first year of his reign, accepting it only later. It was also customary for the honoured to defer the usage of the title for a suitable length of time out of humility - Hadrian deferred its use for eleven years.
Only the previous year had Commodus been granted the rank of Augustus, thus formally sharing power with his father, being also consul in that year - the youngest in Roman history up until that time. The reverse displays Castor as the patron of the Equites and protector of the young emperor, and represents Commodus in his role as princeps iuventutis, a title of great honour even in the days of the republic that since the reign of Augustus had been conferred on those who were intended to succeed to the throne, and which Commodus had received in AD 175.
The unhealthy overindulgence of Commodus by his father Marcus Aurelius, which may have in part led to his megalomania in later life, was perhaps due to his being Aurelius' only surviving son. He was showered with honours beyond his years, including having been made Caesar at the age of five. Yet still at this time, never far from his father or his entourage of worthy tutors, Commodus did not publicly display any of the maniacal tendencies that would later come to characterise his reign.