Watch List notes:

Sp. Netherlands, Dutch Revolt, 1567, kruisrijksdaalder, VF; Sp. Netherlands, Dutch Revolt, 1567 kruisrijksdaalder, VF, PHILIPS II 1555–1581. In 1556 Charles passed on his throne to his son Philip II of Spain. Charles, despite his harsh actions, had been seen as a ruler empathetic to the needs of the Netherlands. Philip, on the other hand, was raised in Spain and spoke neither Dutch nor French. During Philip's reign, tensions flared in the Netherlands over heavy taxation, suppression of Protestantism, and centralization efforts. The growing conflict would reach a boiling point and lead ultimately to the war of independence.