Watch List notes:

ITALY, Papal States. Rome. Innocent XI (Benedetto Odescalchi), 1676-1689. Medal (Silver, 37 mm, 24.27 g, 12 h), on the Fortitude of the Church in the face of political turbulence: wars with the Turks, the defeat of the Venetians in Negroponte, and the expulsion of James II, by Giovanni Hamerani, year XIII (1688). INNOC XI PONT MAX A XIII Mantled bust of Innocent XI to right, wearing cap; below, · IO · HAMERANVS. Rev. · FORTITVDO · MEA · DOMINE · Constantia seated right, wearing Minerva's aegis and helmet, holding the bottom half of a broken column with her right hand, resting her left foot on the capital, and using her left hand to stroke the head of the English lion to her left; on her right, shield. Bartolotti E. 689. Börner 1253. Miselli p. 175, 174. Beautifully toned and very attractive. Extremely fine.

From a European collection, ex Rauch 106, 10 April 2018, 554.

The scene on the reverse is based on a fresco in the Farnese Palace by Annibale Carraci.