Watch List notes:

China, copies of regular issue cash of the Qing Dynasty cash. These coins although made of brass are much lighter (1.4 g), than normal issues (c.3-4 grams), many on thin flans, some are holed. The coin types copied cover almost all Qing rulers and many mints. Mostly very good - very fine. (50)

Ex James Gardiner Collection. Standard cash made in various mints was standardised by weight and diameter however due to demand and overall lack of good genuine cash illegal copies were made generally on a declining quality and weight. They however circulated and were accepted by the people as money of uncertain value.