The onset of the Thirty Years' War (1618-48) was caused by Ferdinand of Styria being elected as king of Bohemia, later in 1619 becoming Ferdinand II Holy Roman Emperor, who was a staunch supporter of Catholicism. This alarmed Bohemian Protestants who eventually rejected Ferdinand's election declaring the Protestant Frederick V of the Rhine Palatinate as king instead. Frederick V was advised by his allies that by accepting the Bohemian throne it would be considered an inflammatory act, but he accepted anyways and was crowned 4 November 1619. Supported by the duchy of Bavaria, Ferdinand was able to amass a large military force and marched on Prague. After the decisive battle of the White Mountain, lasting only one hour, on 8 November 1620 Frederick along with his family fled Prague to the Silesian capital of Breslau earning him the nickname "The Winter King". On 21 January 1621 Ferdinand issued a decree accusing Frederick of breach of peace, supporting rebels and treason.
Estimate: $1000 - $1500