Classical Numismatic Group, LLC
Auction 123 23-24 May 2023
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Zenobia. Usurper, AD 268-272. Antoninianus (20mm, 3.55 g, 6h). Antioch mint, 8th officina. 2nd emission, March-May AD 272. [S] ZЄNOBIA AVG, draped bust right, wearing stephane, set on crescent / IVNO RЄGINA, Juno standing left, holding patera in right hand and scepter in left; at feet to left, peacock standing left, head right; star to left; H. RIC V Online 3129 (this coin referenced); Cf. RIC V 2; Bland, Coinage 30h (dies 50/v – this coin); BN pl. 86, 289 = Leu 48, lot 408 (same dies); MIR 47, 360b (same dies). Rough surfaces, smoothed. VF. Extremely rare. Not suitable for encapsulation.
From the Conti Collection. Ex Ronald J. Hansen Collection (Classical Numismatic Group 94, 18 September 2013), lot 1082; Noble 91 (21 July 2009), lot 3741; Gordon S. Parry Collection (Classical Numismatic Group 79, 17 September 2008), lot 1202; Aufhäuser 10 (5 October 1993), lot 577.
The widow of Odenathus, the ruler of the rich eastern trade center Palmyra, and the mother and regent of Vaballathus, Septimia Zenobia became a powerful regional ruler in her own right. Granted de facto power in the East by the emperor Gallienus to counteract the Persian advance, Odenathus used the opportunity to establish his own separatist kingdom. When Odenathus was murdered in AD 267, Zenobia used the moment to advance her son Vaballathus. Since he was still in his minority, Zenobia took over as regent, using the confusion following the death of Gallienus to offset her position between Rome and Persia and expand Palmyrene power. In AD 269 the Palmyrenes seized control of Egypt and with it, the Roman grain supply. To bolster her position, Zenobia began to lay claims to an illustrious ancestry, including Cleopatra VII of Egypt and the legendary Dido of Carthage.
Aurelian, initially taken with concerns in the west, pragmatically acquiesced to Zenobia and Vaballathus' rule in the East. Eventually, though, the situation was stabilized in the West, allowing him to vigorously campaign against them in AD 272. Palmyra was sacked, and both Zenobia and Vaballathus were captured as they tried to make their way to Persia. She was brought to Rome and paraded in Aurelian's triumph in AD 274, bound in gold chains. According to later tradition, Aurelian, impressed by her beauty and dignity, later freed her, and granted her a villa in Tibur, where she spent the rest of her life.
From the Conti Collection. Ex Ronald J. Hansen Collection (Classical Numismatic Group 94, 18 September 2013), lot 1082; Noble 91 (21 July 2009), lot 3741; Gordon S. Parry Collection (Classical Numismatic Group 79, 17 September 2008), lot 1202; Aufhäuser 10 (5 October 1993), lot 577.
The widow of Odenathus, the ruler of the rich eastern trade center Palmyra, and the mother and regent of Vaballathus, Septimia Zenobia became a powerful regional ruler in her own right. Granted de facto power in the East by the emperor Gallienus to counteract the Persian advance, Odenathus used the opportunity to establish his own separatist kingdom. When Odenathus was murdered in AD 267, Zenobia used the moment to advance her son Vaballathus. Since he was still in his minority, Zenobia took over as regent, using the confusion following the death of Gallienus to offset her position between Rome and Persia and expand Palmyrene power. In AD 269 the Palmyrenes seized control of Egypt and with it, the Roman grain supply. To bolster her position, Zenobia began to lay claims to an illustrious ancestry, including Cleopatra VII of Egypt and the legendary Dido of Carthage.
Aurelian, initially taken with concerns in the west, pragmatically acquiesced to Zenobia and Vaballathus' rule in the East. Eventually, though, the situation was stabilized in the West, allowing him to vigorously campaign against them in AD 272. Palmyra was sacked, and both Zenobia and Vaballathus were captured as they tried to make their way to Persia. She was brought to Rome and paraded in Aurelian's triumph in AD 274, bound in gold chains. According to later tradition, Aurelian, impressed by her beauty and dignity, later freed her, and granted her a villa in Tibur, where she spent the rest of her life.