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Numismatica Ars Classica
Auction 79-80  20 October 2014
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Lot 75

Estimate: 15 000 CHF
Price realized: 15 000 CHF
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The Roman Empire
Galba, Imperator from 2 April 68 and Augustus from 8 June (?) 68 to 15 January, 69

Denarius, Carthago October 68-early 69, AR 3.24 g. SER SVLPICIVS GALBA IMP Bare head r. Rev. HIS – PANIA Veiled head of Hispania r, in field, S – C. C –. BMC –. CBN –. RIC –. Manhattan sale III, 2012, 170.
Of the highest rarity, only the second and by far the finest specimen known. An issue
of great importance and fascination with two interesting and attractive portraits,
minor mark on obverse field and flan somewhat irregular,
otherwise extremely fine

This coin is sold with a Spanish export licence.
During his rebellion and his principate, Galba struck Imperial coins at mints in Spain, Gaul and in the cities of Rome and Carthage. The North African issues are perhaps his most intriguing since their style, fabric and design content link them to the similarly fascinating issues in the name of the rebel Clodius Macer. Though Mattingly had suggested that Galba's North African denarii may have been struck by his supporters in Carthage prior to those of Macer, it is generally believed that they were struck after Macer's rebellion had been suppressed by those loyal to Galba. One noteworthy aspect of this North African coinage was the use of SC (senatus consulto) on denarii. That inscription was rarely used on Roman silver even under the Republic, and until A.D. 68 it had not been used on a Roman silver coin since about 40 B.C. It was the most distinctive feature of the Carthage mint, and is thought to have been intended to assure the senate in Rome that Macer's revolt was aimed exclusively at ending the tyranny of Nero. Its extension to the coinage of Galba presumably would not have had the same significance if those denarii were struck after Galba had been hailed emperor by the senate, but merely would have been a carry-over of an existing mint practice. The reverse of this denarius is undocumented in RIC and is of great interest. It honors Spain, the birthplace of Galba's revolt, with the veiled head of a woman who personifies that province. The distinctive character of Hispania's portrait suggests that it may have been inspired by the denarius serratus issue of c.81 B.C. of A. Postumius Albinus (Cr. 372/2); on that issue the veiled head is accompanied by the inscription HISPAN. Crawford notes that the original design references the Spanish command of L. Postumius Albinus, who in 180 B.C. was appointed praetor of Hispania ulterior. In conjunction with Ti. Sempronius Gracchus, the praetor of Hispania citerior, Albinus waged war on regional tribes in 179. The details of Gracchus' victories over the Celtiberians and the Hispani, and those of Albinus in Lusitania and Hispania, are unknown due to a lacuna at the start of Livy's book 41, yet the praetors were successful enough that each earned a triumph in Rome after he was relieved of his provincial command in 178.

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